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Agriculture in South Africa contributes around 10% of formal employment, relatively low compared to other parts of Africa, as well as providing work for casual labourers and contributing around 2.6 percent of GDP for the nation.〔Human Rights Watch, 2001. (Unequal Protection ): The State Response to Violent Crime on South African Farms, ISBN 1-56432-263-7.〕 Due to the aridity of the land, only 13.5 percent can be used for crop production, and only 3 percent is considered high potential land.〔Mohamed, Najma. 2000. "Greening Land and Agrarian Reform: A Case for Sustainable Agriculture", in ''At the Crossroads: Land and Agrarian Reform in South Africa into the 21st century'', ed. Cousins, Ben. Bellville, School of Government, University of the Western Cape. ISBN 1-86808-467-1.〕 According to FAOSTAT, South Africa is one of the world's largest producers of: chicory roots (4th); grapefruit (4th); cereals (5th); green maize and maize (7th); castor oil seed (9th); pears (9th); sisal (10th); fibre crops (10th). The dairy industry consists of around 4,300 milk producers providing employment for 60,000 farm workers and contributing to the livelihoods of around 40,000 others.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=South Africa Online )〕 The South African government has set a target of transferring 30% of productive farmland from whites to 'previously disadvantaged' blacks by 2014. Land reform has been criticised both by farmers' groups and by landless workers, the latter alleging that the pace of change has not been fast enough, and the former alleging 'racist' treatment and expressing concerns that a similar situation to Zimbabwe's land reform policy may develop, a fear exacerbated by comments made by former deputy president Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka. The government has been accused of either putting in too much effort, or not enough effort, to tackle the problem of farm attacks as opposed to other forms of violent crime. Some predictions show surface water supply could decrease by 60 per cent by the year 2070 in parts of the Western Cape.〔(Climate change to create African 'water refugees' – scientists ), Reuters Alertnet. Accessed 21 September 2006].〕 To reverse the damage caused by land mismanagement, the government has supported a scheme which promotes sustainable development and the use of natural resources.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Department of Agriculture South Africa )〕 Maize production, which contributes to a 36% majority of the gross value of South Africa's field crops, has also experienced negative effects due to climate change. The estimated value of loss, which takes into consideration scenarios with and without the carbon dioxide fertilisation effect,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The CO2 fertilization effect: higher carbohydrate production and retention as biomass and seed yield )〕 ranges between tens and hundreds of millions of Rands. ==History== There is evidence that slash and burn agriculture was first brought to South Africa by the Bantu expansion, by about the 4th century AD. The earliest written record of farming life in South Africa start slightly after 1500. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Agriculture in South Africa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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